Liquid-fuel burner.



E. C. KAHN. LIQUID FUEL BURNER;

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1, I915.

I 1,265,208. Patented May 7,1918.

EDWARD C. KAHN, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May '7, 1918.

Application filed September 7, 1915. Serial N 0319,2352.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD C. KAHN, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-. Fuel Burners; and I do hereby declare the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention has for its object in a general sense to provide a simple, durable and effective liquid fuel burner of the Bunsen type wherein the arrangement and construction is such as to provide perfect combustion resulting in a uniform -blue flame under maximum or minimum feed conditions. Hence sooty deposits of carbon are avoided and the burner is rendered self-cleaning, the said burner as shown and described in my present application being now in general use.

Specific objects of my invention are to provide a unitary generator having an expansion and'storage chamber therem, whereby the pressure of the fuel is relieved at a point intermediate of the ends of the generator and thereafter increased by superheating resulting in a uniform flow of gas.

To provide a sediment collecting pocket at the base of the expansion chamber of said generator, and to rovide said generator with a fuel passagew ich is inclined upwardly from end to end, whereby back pressure is eliminated, the pockets serving as a collec-- tor chamber for foreign deposits whereby the apparatus is rendered free of liability to choke;

To provide an arm section in connection with the generator that is in the form of a segment and is disposed about the burner within the field of the influence of heat whereby it will be subjected at all times to the intense flame from the burner;

Another object is to position the generator arm with relation to the burner, upon a higher plane than the same, whereby the said arm is subjected to a uniform temperature irrespective of the pressure upon the flame;

To provide the generator s0 arranged as to be independent of the burner head with which it is associated, whereby expansion and contraction of the elements is uniform and independent of each other;

To provide a centrally disposed separable closure plate for the ring member of the burner whereby expansion and contraction of said burner is uniform, which result would not be obtained if the bottom of the ring were an integral part as is the case under ordinary conditions, as the bottom of said ring is beyond the field of the greatest intensity of the heat; 3

To provide a central air passage in the bed-plate of the burner apparatus to insure uniform supply of oxygen to the fuel charge and to prevent cross-currents of air from disturbing the flow of the fuel from the tip of the feed nozzle, inject the charge of vapor directly into the mixing mouth of the burner head; To provide an oil channel in connection with a bed-plate which is segmental in shape bed-plate for detachably supporting the.

burner head which is of the rose type, whereby said head can readily be removed and cheapness in manufacture is effected, and

To provide means for adjustin the bedplate longitudinally whereby the distance between a pair of burners carried thereby can which tip is arranged to be varied to meet the requirements of standard stove construction.

Another valuable and vital feature of my invention is to provide a burner head embodying an inner and outer cup, which members are nested within each other and spaced apart to form a vapor chamber or assage between their bottom and side Walls and the chamber or passage between the bottom walls and the annular space between the side walls of the cup members is so proportioned as to be approximately equal as to volume. Hence, owing to the relatively smaller areas of the bottom walls, the space between said bottom walls is necessarily greater than the space between the vertical side Walls of the cup members to effect the desired balance whereby the volume of the flow of the vapor is unrestricted. By this definitely arranged spacing of the parts to form the vapor passage or chamber a result is attained wherein back firing is avoided and the proper flow of gas is supplied to the burner apertures, which flow is in proportion to the volume of the fuel feed pipe connections. Briefly the space between the bottoms of the inner and outer cup members must be greater than the space between the inner and outer annular walls of said members in order that the pressure will be uniform in the spaces inclosed by the side and bottom walls.

With the above and other minor objects in view the invention consists in certain peculiarities of construction and combination of parts ashereinafter set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings and subsequently claimed.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents a' plan view of a duplex burner embodying the features of my invention with parts broken away and parts in section to more clearly show certain details of construction,

Fig. 2, a cross-section of the same, the section being indicated by line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, a longitudinal section through one of the burners, the section being indicated by line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Referring by characters to the drawings, 1 represents a bed-plate of the pan type, which bed-plate, as shown in this case, is formed in two parts that are secured together by bolts 1, whereby said plate can be adjusted as to length to vary the distance between the burners. The bed-plate is provided with two central air passages 2 through its bottom, which passages are each surrounded by a series of radial air passages 2 that, together with the central passage, constitutes a vented grill over which the burner head A, which is of the rose type, is supported, there being two of such heads shown in this exemplification of my invention, but it is understood that the burners may be used singly or in various groups and that the bed-plate may be made in any form to meet the requirements, in its application to stove structures. The bed-plate is provided with sets of upwardly extended legs 3 which are notched at their upper ends to form seats for the burner cups 4, the side walls of which are provided with a multiplicity of minute apertures 4' through which the flames are supplied with gaseous vapor. The bottom of each cup 4 is formed with a downwardly flanged opening 5 which constitutes a mixing mouth for the fuel and is alined over the central air passage 2 of the bed-plate. The burner head is completed by a cap cross-section and is adapted to fit within the outer cupportion, as best shown in Fig. 2. The upper flange of the ring is provided with an annular groove 6 which snugly fits the'upper edge of the cup wall, whereby said ring is accurately centered with its vertical flange spaced from the cup wall to form a contracted feed passage a, for the vapor. This passage also extends between ring 6 which is Z-shaped in the bottom of the outer cup and the bottom of the lower flange 6" of the Z-shaped ring and the vapor passage as is completed by a closure late 7 which fits snugly into a countersunk edge of said flange 6". This closure-plate is thus separated from the ring and it may be removed for access to the mixing mouth 5 for cleaning purposes or the like and it is provided with a grip lug 7 for this purpose.

Attention is directed to the fact that the distance between the juxtaposed faces of the bottoms of the inner and outer cup members which forms the vapor passage is greater than the distance between the vertical or annular wall members of said cups. This arrangement is to provide a uniform passage for the fuel supply and the wide space between the bottom members of the burner will thus compensate for the difference in the square inch area of the annular portion of the passage a which is formed between the vertical walls of the inner and outer cup members. Experiment and practical use have demonstated that unless the vapor passage a is formed as shown and described, the desired result, namely, a steady flame, is impractical and furthermore this arrangement of the vapor passages also renders the burner noiseless, which noiseless result is due to the balance of pressure maintained in the air passages from start to finish throughout the apparatus.

The restricted vapor passage a between the cup and cap ring portions of the burner head will thus prevent back-fire of the gas, as the said gas enters the passage in a thin sheet under pressure and will not ignite until it has been discharged through the series of apertures 4' of the vertical wall of the cup 4. The bed-plate 1 is also provided with raised pads 1 from each of which there are extended ribs 8 which form segmental circular oil channels 9 that are closed upon all sides and are in a general way described about an arc of a circle from the center of the air passage 2. Each pad 1" serves as a seat for a generator B, the same comprising a neck portion 10 which is upwardly inclined from its base toward the burner head and forms an expansion chamber for the fuel supply, which enters the expansion chamber at its lower end, through a tapped opening 10' constituting a fuel inlet. This inlet is positioned slightly above the bottom of said chamber, as shown, and is adapted to receive a fuel feed pipe 13. Thus it will be seen that the fuel inlet, being above the bottom of the expansion chamber, will form a sediment collecting pocket I) at the bottom of the chamber for the purpose of trapping any foreign matter which the fuel oil may contain and as the oil vapor is discharged under pressure into the expansion chamber, such sediment will collect upon the inclined walls thereof and by gravity settle to the pocket 12, whereby the oil is separated from foreign matter to prevent choking of the discharge nozzle, the construction of which will be hereinafter explained.

circle. It is understood, however, that the length of the arm may, without departing from the spirit of my invention, be varied under certain conditions. Thus it will be seen that the generator arm is so spaced that a portion of the multiple series of jet flames will subject said arm to .intense heat, irrespective of the gas pressure for the reason that the arm is above the plane of the burner. This feature is important due to the fact that under certain conditions the jet flames are supplied with varying pres sures and where the pressure is relatively slight, if thearm were below the point men tioned, it would not absorb the desired quantity of heat, as the flames would tend to shoot upwardly instead of radially. The generator unit is secured to the pad 1" by cars 12 which project from the base of the neck portion of the generator and are confined to the pad by suitable screws. Hence when the generator is attached it is accurately positioned with relation to the legs 3 so that the burner head as a unit, will assume its proper relations to the aforesaid generator, while at the "same time each of these elements is entirely separated, whereby contraction and expansion thereof will be 7 independent.

The discharge end of the generator arm 11 terminates with a downwardly extended boss 11', into which is tapped a depending gas discharge pipe 13. The lower end of this pipe is curved upwardly and terminates in a position centrally with re-' lation to the air passage 2 and above the same, the said end being provided with a discharge nipple 14, whereby the pipe as a'whole constitutes a vapor discharge nozzle which is adapted to deliver the fuel into the mixing "chamber 5 at a point below the same in a similar manner to that ordinarily employed in the Bunsen type of burner and air is supplied from the surrounding atmos phere and is also caused to be drawn up through the air passage-2 and the passages 2 in a uniform flow about the n pple to serve as a shield against eddying cross-currents of air which might be induced by thevariations in temperature about the mixing chamber mouth.

The burner is adapted for the use of any volatile liquid fuel such as crude oil, refined kerosene, alcohol, gasolene or the like, the

said fuel being preferably supplied under pressure to the burner or burners.

As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the oil is supplied through a pipe 15 to a header 16, into which header is tapped the feed pipes 13 that communicate with the pair of generators and said feed pipes are controlled by pin valves. 17 with which the header is rovided.

While have shown and described the parts of the burner in minute detail, it is obvious that I may, without departing from the spirit of my invention. vary such structural features within the knowledge of the skilled mechanic.

It will be readily understood that when the fuel fluid is admitted under pressure to the expansion chamber or neck of the generator from the restricted inlet opening 10', it will lower in pressure and be thus retarded and to a certain extent have a churning movement within the expansion chamber whereby foreign particles contained in the fluid will collect upon thewalls of the chamber and flow downward to the pocket 5, whereb they will settle. Thus the fluid is cleansed of the generator which is subjected to heat. The flu1d which will then enter said generator arm is slightly lowered in pressure and as the heat acts to expand this fluid as it travels through the arm, it will, to a certain extent, cause a storage of an auxiliary expansion chamber whereby a continuous and uniform flow of the fuel from the nozzle is effected and this uniform flow is further insured due to the fact that the fluid from inlet to discharge in traveling through the generator, rises gradually due to the peculiar construction of said generator.

I claim: 4

1. A liquid fuel burner comprising a head, a generator associated therewith embodying an upwardly inclined chambered neck having an accumulator pocket at its base and a restricted outlet port at its discharge end, a hollow ,arcuate arm extending from the discharge end at a slight angle, the same being arranged in juxtaposition to the head, and a gas discharge pipe in communication with the end of the .arm and depending therefrom, the lower end of which pipe is upturned to form a nozzleto feed the head.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprisinga head, a one piece generator exteriorly of said head and associated therewith, said generator embodying an upwardly inclined neck constituting an expansion chamber adapted to receive generating heat from said head, an arm extending from the upper portion of the neck to partly encircle the head, and

efore entering the arm quantity of the vapor wlthin the neck or a nozzle positioned under the head in communication with the arm.

3, A liquid fuel burner comprising a head, a one-piece generator associated therewith embodying an upwardly inclined neck, the same being enlarged to form an expansion chamber having an accumulator pocket at its base, and a restricted inlet port above the same, the said neck being provided with a restricted discharge at its upper end, a hollow arm extending from the neck discharge, and arcuately disposed about the head for a predetermined distance, and a feed pipe leading from the end of the arm under the head having a discharge nozzle associated with said head.

A. A liquid fuel burner comprising a circular head and a generator therefor that is inclined upwardly throughout its entire lenth in the direction of the flow of fuel and adapted to receive generating heat from the head, the said generator being provided with an enlarged portion constituting an expansion chamber intermediate its ends, a

feed pipe extending from the discharge end of the generator and terminating in an upwardly curved neck, and a nozzle arranged in the discharge end of said feed pipe to supply the burner head.

5. 'A liquid fuel burner comprising a head of the rose type, a generator therefor that is inclined upwardly throughout its entire length from its base to its discharge end,

the base end being enlarged to form an expansion chamber and having an inlet port slightly above its bottom whereby a collecting pocket is formed at said bottom, a hollow arm extending from the upper end of the expanded part of the generator, the same being arcuate in form to partially envelop the rose head but upon a higher plane than the latter, and a gas discharge pipe extending from the end of the arm, the same terminating with a nozzle positione'd centrally of the rose head and under the latter.

6. A liquid fuel burner of the Bunsen type comprising a circular head, a generator therefor that is formed with a straight upwardly inclined section constituting an expansion chamber having a sediment collector pocket at its base, a contracted'segmental arm extending'from thedischarge end of the expansion chamber and disposed about the head but upon a higher planethan the latter, and a discharge pipe in communication with the end of the arm, the discharge pipe having a nozzle positioned to discharge into the burner head.

7. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base having gridded air passages extending therethrough, legs disposed about the air passages, a circular burner head adapted to rest raeaaoe upon the legs, a generator mounted upon the base having an arm surrounding a portion of the burner head, and a fuel discharge pipe in communication with the end of the arm, the said pipe being provided with an upturned end constituting a discharge nozzle which is positioned under said head between the latter and the air passages of the base-plate.

8. A liquid fuel burner comprising a base having an air passage therethrough, a burner head supported above the base having a mixing mouth in alinement with the air passage, a generator carried by the base having an enlarged portion constituting an expansion chamber, an arm extending from the expansion chamber, the same being positioned about a portion of the burner head, and a discharge pipe in communication with the end of the arm and having a nozzle positioned between thebottom of the burner and the air passage within the base to discharge into the mixing mouth of said burner head.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising a cup having perforated side walls and a centrally disposed mixing mouth in its bottom Wall, a complementary cap-ring nested within the cup and spaced therefrom to form a vapor chamber, a separable closure plate for the ring, and a generator having a nozzle adapted to discharge into the mixing mouth of said head.

10. A liquid burner comprising a cup having perforated side walls and a centrally disposed mixing mouth in its bottom wall, a cap ring nested within the cup, the same being Z-shaped in cross-section and having an annular groove in its upper flange for nested engagement with the upper edge of the cup, and a cap-plate seated upon the lower flange of said ring to form a separable removable bottom for said ring.

11. A liquid burner comprising a cup having perforated. side walls and a centrally disposed mixing mouth in its bottom wall, a cap ring nested within the cup, the same being Z shaped in cross section to provide a portion adapted to seat on the mouth of the cup, and a second annular inwardly turned portion adjacent the bottom of the cup and a cap plate connected with said portion to form a separate bottom closure for the ring.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, in the presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD G. KAHN.

Witnesses:

GEo. YOUNG, M. E. Downer. 

